Cleaning the house is one of those things that most people just don’t like to do. Getting out the rubber gloves, smelling all of the chemicals and spot cleaning with a toothbrush isn’t exactly the most appealing activity.
However, different areas in your house can be a breeding ground for bacteria, mold and fungus. Places you didn’t know were hazardous like your kitchen and bathroom sinks can become some of the most disgusting places.
So how often, exactly, should you clean each area of the home? We’ve got your answers!
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Living Rooms
Your living rooms are naturally some of the cleanest parts of the home. However, we can track dirt in or kids and pets can make spills, so it’s best to keep up with this area fairly often. Here’s how often you should clean things in your living room.
Carpet
Once a week: Your carpet is a place where dust, dirt and allergens tend to hide. Giving your floors a weekly clean with a good-quality vacuum cleaner is super important. In places with constant foot traffic, you may want to vacuum more than once a week.
Protip: If you need to spot clean a stain, you can mix a teaspoon of liquid dish detergent with a quart of warm water and ¼ teaspoon of white vinegar. Apply this mixture on the spot and then rinse and blot dry!
Couch
Once every two weeks: Most people don’t realize how much dirt, dust, fur and oils your furniture absorbs. It can host allergens and other nasty things if left unattended. Regular cleaning can help extend the life of your furniture, which means a surface cleaning every couple of weeks using the upholstery attachment on your vacuum.
Protip:You should also plan to have a professional clean the upholstery about once a year, depending on how much you use the piece of furniture. If you develop a stain in between cleanings, put your iron on the “steam” setting and wave it back and forth over the problem spot.
Windows and Blinds
Once a month: The windows and blinds in your house can accumulate dust and dirt. To keep the mess at bay, you should try to wipe down your windows and blinds at least once a month.
Protip: When cleaning your blinds, you can use an old sock dipped in a 50/50 solution of vinegar and water. Stick your hand inside the sock and swipe it over each blind for a quick and easy clean.
Ceiling Fans
Once a month: Have you ever had dust accumulate on the blades of your ceiling fan? Since it’s so high up, many people forget that it’s up there until the dust bunnies have already taken over. To prevent the dust buildup, dust the top of your blinds once a week.
Protip: You can prevent the dust from falling everywhere if you use a pillowcase to dust your fan blades. Simply slide each fan blade into the pillowcase and enclose the case around it, then slide it off. The dust will stay inside the pillowcase and you can easily throw it in the wash when you’re done!
Baseboards
Once a month: Your baseboards can collect dust and dirt, but most homeowners don’t see cleaning the baseboards as a priority. If you keep up with cleaning them once a month the task won’t be too time-consuming.
Protip: Use the brush attachment on your vacuum to swipe the top edge where the dust settles. If there are scuffs or spills, wipe them away with an erasing sponge.
Bedrooms
Your bedroom may accumulate more germs than you realize. Since you spend a good amount of time here (approximately one-third of your life), it tends to accumulate germs. How often exactly should you clean your sleeping quarters? We explain here.
Bed Linens
Once a week: Bed sheets can accumulate a serious collection of sweat, body oils, dirt from outside and more. When they get too dirty they can become a breeding ground for bacteria and fungi. Those are not things you want sharing a bed with you! While most people wash their sheets only every four weeks, experts recommend washing them once a week.
Protip: If you have white sheets, toss a squeeze of lemon juice in the washer. It’s a natural brightener without the chemicals in bleach products.
Duvet Cover
Once a month: If you use a top sheet you can get away with washing your duvet cover once a month. If you don’t, you may want to wash it every two weeks just to be safe. Like pillows and bed linens, duvet covers can be a breeding ground for bacteria, fungus and dust mites.
Protip: Changing a duvet cover is on most people’s list of top annoying things, but did you know there is a simple hack to make the job easier? Use the burrito method for an easy switcharoo. Turn your duvet cover inside out and place comforter on top. Roll it up, tuck it in, and unroll it—it’s magically on!
Bed Pillows
Every three months: While you should be washing your sheets (and pillowcases) once a week, you should be washing the pillows themselves once every three months. Pillows can play host to critters and debris like dirt, oil, skin cells and even dust mites.
Protip: Most down-alternative pillows can go in the washing machine, while feather pillows need to be dry cleaned. Buy down-alternative to ensure cleaning is easy and frequent.
Mattress
Every three months: Your mattress is another thing that can accumulate sweat, dust, dust mites and allergens quite easily. To keep the bacteria and fungi at bay, clean your mattress with the seasons. You can use the upholstery attachment to vacuum the mattress, and clean its cover (if it has one).
Protip: Spot clean oil stains or food spills with a mix of baking soda, salt and water. Cover the stain, let it sit for 30 minutes then wipe it away with a damp cloth.
Closets
Twice a year: It’s usually a best practice to do a full-closet cleaning and purge twice a year. While it can seem like a daunting task, having a clean closet full of clothes you actually wear can be a game changer for your morning routine.
Protip: When purging, keep basic, classic items and toss anything trendy you haven’t worn in over a year. You can also ditch duplicate items or things you don’t feel comfortable in. Your closet should be full of only things that make you happy!
Bathrooms
We all know the bathrooms can get pretty gross, but most people probably still don’t clean them as often as they should. Things like bath towels and bath mats can accumulate mold, while your toilet and sink can be a bacteria breeding ground. Here’s how often you should clean the things in your bathroom.
Toilet
Every day: Toilets have a reputation for being the dirtiest place in the house, but the average toilet is cleaner than you think. To make sure your toilet stays sanitary, it’s best to give it a light clean every day, then give it a deep clean once a week.
Protip: Want to keep toilet stains at bay? Pour vinegar in the top of your toilet and let that sit while you spray vinegar around the seat and clean.
Bathroom Sinks
Every day: Did you know that your bathroom sink is even dirtier than your toilet seat? The bacteria travel from your hands onto the sink every time you wash your hands, so it’s incredibly important to disinfect your bathroom sinks every day.
Protip: You can use disposable disinfecting wipes daily to make sure the area stays sanitized. It’s easy, and you can throw the whole mess away afterward!
Bath Towels
Every three or four uses: Towels are tricky, because the more you use them, the more often you will need to change them. If you take more than one shower a day, or if you have multiple family members using a towel, it may need to be cleaned once every couple of days.
Protip: On the other hand, if you’re the only one using it and you shower at the gym three times a week, you may be able to get away with washing it weekly. Be sure to wash your towels in water that is at least 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 degrees Celsius) so that you kill all of the bacteria that’s inevitably breeding them.
Shower Grout
Once a week: Your grout can be one of the most annoying things to clean in your bathroom. However, it can also make the most impact on how clean your bathroom looks. Nobody likes a shower with dirty grout, so keep up with cleaning it weekly.
Protip: To clean, dip a toothbrush in bleach and scrub any discolored areas. Every once in a while you will need to seal your grout so that water and mold can’t seep in.
Bath Mats
Once a month: Bath mats that have rubber backing can wear out faster if they are washed more than once a month. However, mats that don’t have a rubber backing, or that are in a frequently used or extra-dirty space like the kids’ bathroom can be washed more often.
Protip: If a rug doesn’t have time to dry out it can harbor all kinds of mold and fungi. To kill all signs of life, wash the rug on high heat. Rugs with rubber backing should be air-dried.
Kitchens
Believe it or not, your kitchen is the dirtiest place in your house. This is pretty unsettling considering we cook our food here. But, that’s precisely why it’s so dirty! Germs like e.coli can stick on cutting boards, hide in your fridge and set up camp in your sink. Here’s how often you’ll need to clean to maintain a safe and sanitary cooking environment.
Kitchen Counters/Sink
Every day: The kitchen sink and counters can be another place that germs accumulate. Since you’re often cutting meat and dealing with food products, the kitchen sink can actually end up being one of the dirtiest places in the whole house.
Protip: To keep your eating area sanitary, use one tablespoon bleach in one quart of water and spray down the sink daily. You can also use disposable disinfecting wipes here.
Sponges
Every week: Unfortunately, the trend is to keep your kitchen sponges until they smell and fall apart. Letting them get this bad means that they’re teeming with bacteria, funguses and things that can potentially make you sick. You should be cleaning your sponge weekly, and replacing them every two to three weeks.
Protip: For their weekly cleanings, mix ¾ cups bleach in one gallon of water and let your sponges soak for several minutes. Then just rinse and you’re done!
Oven
Once a month: Many people think that cleaning their oven is something to save for a special occasion, but the longer you wait to clean it, the harder it will be. Keeping up with monthly cleanings is the best way to make sure your oven stays in good working order.
Protip: A trick to making the process easier is to put a bowl of water in the oven and turn it up to high for 20 minutes. This will help loosen some of the dried dirt and grease. Then, wait for the oven to cool before wiping it clean!
Dishwasher
Once a month: Most people don’t realize that their dishwasher can accumulate all sorts of gunk and grime. It cleans the dishes you eat off of so you will want to make sure you give it a routine cleaning once a month (and a deep cleaning once or twice a year).
Protip: Place a cup of vinegar inside the dishwasher and run it on a hot water cycle. This is a great way to routinely clean your dishwasher and keep it in tip-top shape.
Refrigerator
Four times a year: A clean fridge is a safe fridge, yet nobody likes to deep clean it. While it’s best to give it a wipe down daily, you should only need to give it a deep clean about four times a year.
Protip:When you’re getting ready to clean the fridge, purge it of any ingredients that are past their “use by” date. Remove and soak the drawers in warm water while you wipe down the rest of the fridge. It’s best to work in sections so that all of your food doesn’t get too warm!
FAQs
How often should you clean household items? ›
Spills and trash get taken care of on an as-needed basis every day or two. Vacuuming and mopping should happen at least once a week. Clean carpets every three to six months. Living rooms and bedrooms should be attacked at least once a week.
How often are you meant to clean things? ›Some things need to be cleaned every day, while a general clean can be done once a week, and deep clean every few months or annually. To make cleaning easier, you should: Keep clutter to a minimum. Wash hands regularly and wipe shoes on entry rugs or mats.
How often do you clean walls and baseboards? ›It really depends on your needs. Homes with lots of fur and hair should consider giving the baseboards a swipe once a week, but if you live solo and keep everything else pretty clean you might be able to get away with doing it once or twice a month.
What should I clean in my house every week? ›- Stick to a Schedule. 1/11. ...
- Disinfect Your Sink. 2/11. ...
- Clean Your Microwave. 3/11. ...
- Clear Out Your Fridge. 4/11. ...
- Sweep Your Floors. 5/11. ...
- Launder Your Towels. 6/11. ...
- Clean Your Toilet. 7/11. ...
- Wash Your Toothbrush Holder. 8/11.
Daily: Flush your toilet every day (even if it's not in use) to discourage the growth of bacteria. Weekly: Deep-clean your toilet once a week or biweekly—this includes the toilet bowl, exterior and toilet seat. Yearly: Clean your toilet tank twice a year.
How often should I wash my sheets? ›Experts recommend washing or changing sheets once a week.
How often should you mop your floors? ›But as a rule of thumb, you should mop your floors at least once a week—especially in areas that are more likely to get stains from drips and spills, like the kitchen and bathroom. “Of course, you need to vacuum or sweep the floor before mopping,” explains Leiva.
How often should you clean the shower? ›How Often Should You Clean Your Shower? Koch advises cleaning your shower weekly, but don't worry, it doesn't have to be a serious deep clean every time. She says at the very least to clean the floor, any shelves, and glass doors (if you have them) as part of your weekly housekeeping line-up.
How often should you shower? ›How often should you shower? While there is no ideal frequency, experts suggest that showering several times per week is plenty for most people (unless you are grimy, sweaty, or have other reasons to shower more often). Short showers (lasting three or four minutes) with a focus on the armpits and groin may suffice.
How often should I clean my blinds? ›Clean your blinds regularly—every week or two is best—and the dust won't have a chance to build up, says Sara San Angelo, a professional housecleaner and founder of Confessions of a Cleaning Lady. Invest in a hand-held blind-duster tool that quickly picks up lint and other particles in a jiffy.
How often should you clean ceiling fans? ›
Ceiling fans should be cleaned once every other month, says Beth McGee, author of "Get Your House Clean Now: The Home Cleaning Method Anyone Can Master." (If you live in a particularly dusty environment or often keep your windows open, they should be cleaned monthly, she says.)
Can you wash walls with Dawn dish soap? ›A Gentle Cleanser. Because it's such a mild cleaner, dish soap is an ideal first line of attack for dirty walls. A mixture of 1 ounce of your favorite dish detergent per gallon of warm water removes general dirt from most surfaces as well as smudges from walls with a gloss or semi-gloss finish.
What is the best day to clean your house? ›I Suggest You Consider a Day in the Beginning of the Week
If you have your cleaning service come Monday or Tuesday the house will stay pretty clean all week. Then when Friday comes, it is still in pretty good shape. During the weekend, in most households, is when the mess happens.
How often should I wash my bath towels? Dead skin cells, bacteria, and even sweat can accumulate quickly on your towels, so using a fresh one about every three days is a simple rule of thumb—for all kinds of towels. You can of course change them more often.
Is it OK to put bleach down a toilet? ›Frequently asked questions. Can you put bleach in a toilet bowl? Yes, Clorox® Bleach is safe to add to the water in the toilet bowl. Always flush the toilet first before scrubbing, and then again when toilet cleaning is finished.
Should I flush my toilet every time I use it? ›People should still flush their toilets at least once a day. "Things like to grow in urine and after a while the chlorine will inactivate in the toilet bowl water. It will being to bubble away and things will begin to grow. The odor will increase so it can get disgusting, smell bad and stain your toilet," he said.
How often should you change your toilet seat? ›An average toilet's lifespan is about 15 to 30 years, and its original toilet seat shouldn't last that long due to obvious hygiene factors. Typically, you should change toilet seats after every five years, but there are some definite signs that tell you that you should replace yours immediately.
How many times wear a bra before washing? ›How often you need to wash your bras isn't an exact science. But dermatologist Alok Vij, MD, says that as a general rule, you should wash them after every two to three wears.
How often should you change your bed? ›But when should you replace your mattress? Under normal conditions, mattresses should be replaced every 6 to 8 years. Of course, this is a general guideline and not a one-size-fits-all solution.
How often should you wash your bed? ›Most people should wash their sheets once per week. If you don't sleep on your mattress every day, you may be able to stretch this to once every two weeks or so.
What is the best thing to mop floors with? ›
The best solutions for mopping a floor include using white vinegar, dish soap, window cleaner, or rubbing alcohol methods. These floor cleaners are easy to make at home and keep your floors clean.
Why sweeping and mopping should not be done at night? ›Sweeping at night is bad luck
“In ancient times, when there was no electricity, brooming at night with minimal lighting might also sweep away expensive items like rings, earrings, and chains out of the house,” he says.
Even if you live by yourself or don't experience frequent activity in your home, your floors still need attention if you want it to remain spotless. In this case, we recommend giving your floors sweep and mop sessions once a week. Dust and dirt can accumulate over time if no one is going in and out of different rooms.
How often should you wash your blankets? ›Roand says that blankets that are between sheets and don't come in direct contact with your body can be washed monthly, while large comforters and duvet covers should be washed at least every two weeks.
What is the most hygienic way to clean a toilet? ›Using either disinfecting wipes or a combination of disinfecting spray and a rag, paper towels, or a sponge (that you reserve just for this task), wipe down all of the external surfaces of the toilet, paying special attention to any areas you touch regularly such as the seat and the flushing handle.
Are you completely clean after a shower? ›Aren't our bodies clean after showering? It turns out, people aren't as clean as they feel after showering. Sure, soap and hot water go a long way. They scrub the body of a lot of dirt and germs.
Should you shower at night or in the morning? ›“Humans tend to perspire at night,” Dr. Goldenberg said. “When you wake up in the morning, there's all this sweat and bacteria from the sheets that's just kind of sitting there on your skin.” So take a quick shower in the morning, he said, “to wash all of that gunk and sweat off that you've been sleeping in all night.”
Should females take baths or showers? ›Your personal hygiene priorities should determine whether you take a bath or a shower. If you're interested in promoting relaxation, easing fatigue, and treating chronic pain, a bath might be the right choice for you. If you're more interested in an efficient daily cleansing, a shower might be the better choice.
How often should a woman take a bath? ›Don't take a bath every day: Daily baths can dry out your skin by ridding your body of its natural oils. Try for baths no more than twice a week. Shower between bath days. Use warm (not hot) water: Some people may experience dizziness or weakness when the temperature is too hot.
How often should you clean microwave? ›Though it depends on how frequently you use your microwave, a good rule of thumb is to clean your microwave about once a week. Frequent cleaning helps prevent messes from getting caked on and makes each wipe down that much easier. Be sure to clean your microwave immediately after any large spills or splatters occur.
How often should I clean my door? ›
For starters, you could plan to deep clean your doors once a month. If you find that's too frequent, pull back to once a quarter or even just twice a year.
How often should you clean your dresser drawers? ›Cleaning Drawers in Dressers and Nightstands
While they don't require frequent cleaning, your drawers could use a gentle scrub about once a year.
- Vinegar.
- Olive oil.
- A little soap.
- Water.
In order to keep your home's air quality top notch, you should be dusting at least every other week, if not weekly. Choose a time each week, like Wednesday after you pick the kids up from soccer practice, to dust your house, or dust a certain area each day.
Is it bad to leave a ceiling fan on 24 7? ›Although it could run for over a 24 hour period, it is still best to turn off your ceiling fan when you are at work or out of the house for an extended time to give the ceiling fans' motor a rest and reduce electricity use and cost.
Why not to use Dawn dish soap? ›Is Dawn Soap Toxic? Yes, Dawn Dish Soap is toxic because it contains harmful ingredients like Triclosan, 1,4-dioxane, synthetic dye, fragrance, and the dreaded methylisothiazolinone. These ingredients can cause mild to severe health conditions like nerve and liver damage, skin irritation, and allergic reactions.
What is the best thing to wash walls with? ›You may be able to adequately wash walls using plain warm water. If there are stains or marks, use soapy water (especially if crayon-happy children live in the house). Make a mixture of water and a small amount of mild detergent. Wear kitchen gloves.
What is the best detergent to wash walls? ›Use a small amount of dye-free hand soap or dishwashing detergent dissolved in warm water. Glossy and semi-glossy finishes are a bit hardier, and you can use cleaners with a degreasing agent, including stronger types of dish soap.
How do I know if my house is clean enough? ›- Friends remove their shoes when they come over. ...
- You prefer to clean as you go, especially when cooking. ...
- You make your bed. ...
- You put things away when you're done with them. ...
- You own a proper duster—and you aren't afraid to use it. ...
- You have a schedule.
Optimal Season For Power Washing
A good rule of thumb is to pressure wash your house between the months of March and November. This is the ideal window of time to make sure your home is clean and protected before harsh winter weather and freezing temperatures set in.
Where do you clean first in a house? ›
- Step one - Dust all rooms in your home. ...
- Step two - Clean furniture fabric and re-make the beds. ...
- Step three - Clean Mirrors and Glass. ...
- Step four - Clean / sanitise all surfaces. ...
- Step five - Clean the kitchen. ...
- Step six - clean the bathrooms and toilets. ...
- Step seven - Clean hard floors.
A washcloth will come in handy when cleansing their body and gently scrubbing their scalp. It can also help with rinsing to avoid getting soap in their eyes, as well as drying off afterward.
What not to do when washing towels? ›Never wash white towels with dark colors. Since towels are so absorbent, the lighter colored towels can pick up some of the dye color from the darker ones which can cause them to become dingy or discolored. Do Not Overload the Washing Machine – Place towels in the washing machine and avoid overloading.
How many times do you use a towel after a shower before washing? ›The best way to prevent germs from growing on your bath towel is to let it dry completely between each use, and wash it frequently. The Cleaning Institute recommends washing bath towels after three uses. If you shower every day, that means laundry almost twice a week.
What housework should be done weekly? ›- Vacuuming all rugs and carpets.
- Sweeping or vacuuming and mopping all hard floors.
- Dusting shelves and window sills.
- Cleaning the bathrooms.
- Scrubbing all sinks, drains, and faucets.
- Changing out hand and kitchen towels.
- Changing out bedding.
- Doing laundry.
- Stick to a Schedule. 1/11. ...
- Disinfect Your Sink. 2/11. ...
- Clean Your Microwave. 3/11. ...
- Clear Out Your Fridge. 4/11. ...
- Sweep Your Floors. 5/11. ...
- Launder Your Towels. 6/11. ...
- Clean Your Toilet. 7/11. ...
- Wash Your Toothbrush Holder. 8/11.
- Taking out the trash when it's full.
- Taking the trash out for pickup, if required.
- Unloading, loading, and running the dishwasher if you have one.
- Sweeping the kitchen floor.
- Wiping down countertops.
- Squeegeeing shower doors and walls.
It is advisable to declutter, dust, wipe, and vacuum your bedroom once a week as you don't want to face a serious build-up of grime, viruses, and bacteria. Also, you should change your bedding every seven days to ensure you get a good night's sleep. Certain areas you can tackle less frequently.
Are you supposed to clean every day? ›The short answer is daily. Though you won't do a deep-clean every day, daily cleaning can keep your house neat and avoid buildup of dirt and grime. Don't wait until it's laundry day to make your bed, keeping bed linens off the floor means they don't collect dust or allergens.
What should you clean in your house every day? ›- Wiping glass and mirrors in the bathrooms and elsewhere.
- Dusting.
- Vacuuming carpets.
- Wet mopping hard floors.
- Cleaning bathroom counters and toilets.
- Cleaning out the fridge.
- Tackling clutter hot spots.
- Deeper cleaning of kitchen appliances.
How often do you clean and disinfect items people touch frequently? ›
Regularly wash/wipe and disinfect all the items people touch frequently, such as work surfaces, sinks, taps, door handles, switches, can openers, cash registers, telephones and scales. Where possible, allow these to dry naturally at the end of each day/shift.
How often should you mop your floor? ›But as a rule of thumb, you should mop your floors at least once a week—especially in areas that are more likely to get stains from drips and spills, like the kitchen and bathroom. “Of course, you need to vacuum or sweep the floor before mopping,” explains Leiva.
How often should you clean your shower? ›How Often Should You Clean Your Shower? Koch advises cleaning your shower weekly, but don't worry, it doesn't have to be a serious deep clean every time. She says at the very least to clean the floor, any shelves, and glass doors (if you have them) as part of your weekly housekeeping line-up.
How often does the average person clean their room? ›Most people are on a three-to-four week cleaning cycle, all things considered. On average, men wait a week longer than women to clean their bedrooms. Men clean their bedrooms every 30.04 days vs. every 23.59 days for women.
How often should a woman clean herself? ›Stick to cleaning once a day. If you wash any less, you might not be getting rid of the buildup of sweat and secretions; if you do it any more than once a day, you could be disrupting the delicate balance of your vaginal area.
What happens if you don't clean regularly? ›If you don't dust or vacuum, your home will turn into an allergy festival. Pollen will gather in all the nooks in your home, pet hair will lie in wait, and dust mites will come out in force. All the things that make your eyes water and your nose run will be sitting around your home making your allergies worse.
How often should you clean your doors? ›How Often to Clean Doors. There is no set schedule for cleaning doors. You want to wipe them down every few weeks to once a month to avoid dirt build-up. You can also give them a good deep cleaning every 3-6 months, depending on how dirty your doors get.
What is the smart way to clean a house? ›- Clean the whole house, not one room at time. ...
- Gather all your cleaning tools in a caddy. ...
- Clear the clutter. ...
- Dust and vacuum. ...
- Wipe mirrors and glass. ...
- Disinfect countertops and surface areas. ...
- Focus on tubs, sinks and toilets. ...
- Sweep, then mop.
- Step one - Dust all rooms in your home. ...
- Step two - Clean furniture fabric and re-make the beds. ...
- Step three - Clean Mirrors and Glass. ...
- Step four - Clean / sanitise all surfaces. ...
- Step five - Clean the kitchen. ...
- Step six - clean the bathrooms and toilets. ...
- Step seven - Clean hard floors.
How Often to Clean Walls. As part of your regularly scheduled chores, painted walls should be dusted and cobwebs removed at least monthly—twice a month is even better. You should clean smudges and dirt around doorknobs and light switches weekly.
How often should I clean my phone? ›
Health experts suggest cleaning your phone at least once a day as a preventative measure. Before you begin, check with the manufacturer for guidance on how to clean your device. Apple and a number of Android device manufacturers offer similar recommendations: Unplug the device before cleaning.
How often should you clean furniture? ›At a minimum, you should get your furniture cleaned 1-2 times a year. This will help keep the accumulation of dirt and dust under control and leave your home and air quality much cleaner. If you have kids or pets, chances are your furniture gets much dirtier much faster.
What 3 things do you need for effective cleaning? ›- Cleaning. The first step is to remove all organic material. ...
- Washing. ...
- Disinfecting — This is a critical step in the cleaning process that requires some use of science. ...
- Drying time.